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Wednesday, November 12, 2025

The ins and outs of Biblical Justification

There is a common claim by Protestants arguing that Justification is strictly a "forensic" matter whereby all the saving actions taking place during Justification occurs entirely external to us. Protestants make this bold claim in order to undermine the Catholic claim that Justification consists primarily in an inward transformation within your soul. A good way for Catholics to refute the Protestant claim is to show how often the Bible speaks of both internal and external language within the same verse. I made a post about this several years ago (HERE), where I cited multiple passages in Scripture which mentioned God performing both external and internal changes on us when we get saved. This dual aspect view is sometimes called the "duplex" view, which even the Council of Trent permitted when it decreed: 

If any one saith, that men are justified, either by the sole imputation of the justice [righteousness] of Christ, or by the sole remission of sins, to the exclusion of the grace and the charity which is poured forth in their hearts by the Holy Ghost, and is inherent in them; or even that the grace, whereby we are justified, is only the favor of God; let him be anathema. 
(Trent, Session 6, Canon 11)

Notice that Trent is not excluding that there is an external component to justification, and it could even be termed "imputation" in some sense (some definitions of "imputation" are okay, while other definitions are problematic). The catch is that the external cannot be seen as the "sole" factor going on, especially to the more central "grace and charity poured into their hearts by the Holy Ghost" (Rom 5:5). Along with the original duplex texts I presented or were in the large comment box (Acts 15:9,11; Acts 26:18; 1 Cor 6:9-11; Eph 2:5-8; Philip 3:9-11; Col 2:11-14; 2 Thess: 2:13; Titus 3:5; 1 Pet 2:24; 1 Jn 1:9), for this post I would like to add a few more duplex verses which I think will be helpful.